LINEA · rollup-L2 · QRI 18 · BAND 2 Acknowledged Hybrid FAIL · Stage 0 · Washing 1x

Linea is a Consensys zkEVM whose PLONK-KZG prover runs over BN254, a pairing curve that Shor dismantles as cleanly as it dismantles ECDSA. The institutional bench is the strongest in the batch, including the gnark team. The published PQ-leaning path is a roadmap comment about Vortex, not a dated milestone.

inLinkedIn XPost ▼Scorecard JSON ⇆Compare Verified 2026-04-18

Summary

Linea is a Consensys zkEVM L2 using PLONK + Arcane prover over BN254 (pairing-based, Shor-breakable). Strong institutional backing via Consensys/MetaMask/Infura. Vortex (STARK-based prover) roadmap discussion offers a theoretical PQ-leaning path. No PQC deployed, no dated roadmap. Band 2 Acknowledged via Consensys research signals.

What the gates say

Hybrid: FAIL. No hybrid plan on file.
Evidence: PASS. Sources reconstructable by third party.
Primitive naming: PASS. Named primitives at every scored sub-level.

Burn-vs-rescue policy on file

undeclared

Seven dimensions

Each dimension scores 0-100 internally; the weighted roll-up produces the QRI on the left. Open a row to read the sub-score detail.

1 Cryptographic Exposure 25 / 100

1a_primitive_inventory 10 / 20

Consensys zkEVM. PLONK with Arcane — pairing-based SNARKs.

Primitives: ECDSA secp256k1 (inherited from Ethereum) · PLONK + Arcane (KZG pairing-based zkEVM prover) · Keccak-256 · BN254 (pairing curve)

Evidence: docs.linea.build

1b_shor_grover_pq_tag 10 / 20

1c_algorithm_family_diversity 0 / 20

No PQC families deployed

1d_nist_security_category 0 / 20

No NIST PQC primitives deployed

1e_implementation_quality 5 / 20

Evidence: github.com

2 HNDL Exposure 12 / 100

2a_active_key_exposure 3 / 20

EOA ECDSA inherited from Ethereum. Linea TVL + MetaMask-routed flows exposed.

2b_cold_key_exposure 3 / 20

Mainnet since July 2023. ~2.5 years of cold keys.

2c_signature_longterm_validity 3 / 20

ECDSA Shor-breakable. PLONK-KZG proofs also Shor-breakable (pairing-based).

2d_encryption_confidentiality 3 / 20

Standard TLS. No PQC KEM.

3 Metadata & Privacy Exposure 20 / 100

3a_tx_graph_visibility 5 / 20

Pseudonymous EVM transparency. MetaMask integration exposes default user patterns.

3b_rpc_mempool_concentration 5 / 20

Consensys-operated sequencer. Infura-heavy RPC routing.

3c_cross_chain_bridge_correlation 5 / 20

ETH<->Linea bridge visible. MetaMask-routed flows correlate heavily.

3d_retroactive_deanon_risk 5 / 20

PLONK-KZG breaks under Shor but Linea is non-private by design.

4 Migration Architecture 35 / 100

4a_crypto_agility 10 / 20

PLONK prover modularity — Consensys controls upgrade. Arcane → Vortex (STARK-ish) transition discussed; potential PQ-leaning path.

4b_account_abstraction_key_rotation 10 / 20

Inherits Ethereum ERC-4337/EIP-7702 AA. MetaMask Smart Accounts integration.

4c_hard_fork_track_record 8 / 20

Multiple Linea upgrades since 2023. Consensys coordinated.

4d_hybrid_deployment_readiness 7 / 20

No hybrid PQC envelope but Vortex (STARK-based) discussion gives theoretical path. Inherits Ethereum roadmap.

5 Deployment Execution 2 / 100

5a_mainnet_pqc_pct 0 / 20

no public artifact found

5b_pqc_code_in_client 0 / 20

no public artifact found

5c_validator_pqc_adoption 0 / 20

no public artifact found (single sequencer)

5d_published_milestones_count 2 / 20

Discussed but not dated PQ-deployment milestone.

5e_pqc_washing_delta 0 / 20

Minimal PQC messaging.

6 Supply Chain Vendor Readiness 10 / 100

6a_wallet 3 / 20

Consensys-owned MetaMask; strong vendor consolidation.

6b_bridge 2 / 20

6c_custodian 3 / 20

6d_rpc_hsm 2 / 20

7 Governance & Coordination 35 / 100

7a_validator_stake_distribution 6 / 20

Centralized Consensys sequencer. No validator set.

7b_upgrade_cadence_under_pressure 10 / 20

Consensys-coordinated upgrades. Good delivery cadence.

7c_named_coordination_lead 14 / 20

Consensys (Joe Lubin). Strong institutional backing + named cryptography research team (gnark).

7d_adversarial_coordination_precedent 5 / 20

Consensys has handled MetaMask Snap security incidents. No PQC-specific precedent.

The X + Y vs Z inequality

X (data shelf life): 5-10 (inherited Ethereum EOA pattern)

Y (migration time): 8-12 (Consensys-coordinated; strong research team)

Z10 (10% CRQC year): 2036 · Z50 (50%): 2041

Verdict: X+Y > Z (danger).

Four-scenario grid

Scenario	Value preserved	Privacy preserved
quantum never	100%	100%
arrives suddenly pre migration	10%	10%
arrives slowly post migration	85%	70%
arrives slowly mid migration	40%	30%

Peers in the rollup-L2 profile

Order-book view of the 9 chains closest to Linea by QRI.

Public artifacts used for this scorecard

Each entry below is a sub-score citation. Clicking the link takes you to the public source. A third party should be able to reconstruct every number on this page from these URLs in 48 hours.

Cryptographic Exposure · 1a_primitive_inventory

Consensys zkEVM. PLONK with Arcane — pairing-based SNARKs.

https://docs.linea.build

Cryptographic Exposure · 1e_implementation_quality

https://github.com/ConsenSys/gnark

Supply chain snapshot

wallet MetaMask · Rabby · Trust Wallet 0 PQC roadmaps

bridge Linea Native Bridge · LayerZero · Across 0 PQC roadmaps

custodian MetaMask Institutional · Fireblocks · BitGo 0 PQC roadmaps

rpc_hsm Infura · Alchemy · QuickNode 0 PQC roadmaps

A chain's supply chain cannot migrate faster than its slowest dependency. Zero PQC roadmaps in any of the four categories is a structural blocker, not a lagging indicator.

Analyst notes on the scoring

Consensys is the strongest corporate backing in this batch. gnark cryptography team + research culture is a meaningful migration architecture positive. Vortex prover discussion is a soft PQ-leaning signal but not a dated milestone. MetaMask-routed user flows concentrate HNDL vectors.

Scorecard metadata

Profile: rollup-L2
Scored: 2026-04-18 by layerqu-v2-scoring-agent-3
v1 reference: chainscreen-v1-archive
QRI raw: 18 · after caps: 18
Confidence interval: ±10
PQC washing ratio: 1x
Burn-vs-rescue: undeclared

Caps triggered

Mosca (5a<20% → QRI max 60)
Sutor (5d count=1 — Migration Stage max 2)
Casado (3+ vendor tiles pqc=0 → migration_stage max 3)
Hybrid gate FAIL → QRI cap 60